| Who operates the books | The owner, in-house bookkeeper, or adviser enters and codes the transactions; the platform records them. | The agent reads the source material and drafts the work; the owner or operator reviews, decides, and signs. | The firm operates the books on the SME's behalf; the SME sees the result on a schedule. |
| Primary intake | The web or mobile app; documents uploaded or imported via established bank feeds and the app marketplace. | Channel-neutral intake — email, Slack, photo, text, voice, or the web app — into the agent. | Documents sent to the firm by email, Dropbox, or in person; portal uploads where used. |
| Approval loop | In-line review inside the ledger; coded at the time of entry or on a recurring cadence. | A review queue holds low-confidence, duplicate, locked-period, cross-currency, and missing-source cases before posting. | The firm reviews; the SME sees the result on a monthly or quarterly schedule. |
| Reasoning behind each entry | Varies by user discipline; the platform records the entry but the rationale is not a first-class field. | A reasoning log records the standard or rule cited, the alternatives considered, the confidence, and the source for each draft. | The firm's working papers; trail lives with the firm and is shared on request. |
| Singapore operating surface | Mature Singapore bank feeds, GST, and reporting; large adviser ecosystem already built around platform reports. | 9% GST with the SGD 1M threshold, IRAS F5 review pack, InvoiceNow / PEPPOL as a planned adapter, SFRS-aligned chart of accounts; live DBS, OCBC, UOB feeds planned for launch. | Firm handles GST, F5, corporate tax, payroll, and (often) company secretarial end-to-end. |
| Ecosystem and integrations | Large, established app marketplace; deep adviser ecosystem in Singapore and globally. | Focused launch set (DBS, OCBC, UOB, CorpPass, Singpass Business, Talenox, Payboy); not a marketplace play. | The firm's working stack — typically a cloud platform under the hood plus the firm's own process layer. |
| Pricing model | Tiered subscription, typically per organisation; add-ons and usage-based products vary by plan. | $39 per month, 1M tokens included, unlimited seats, $39 per additional 1M tokens. | Recurring monthly fee, often tiered by transaction volume or by service scope. |
| Filing responsibility | The SME or its adviser files with IRAS; the platform prepares the data. | Prepares the F5 review pack from coded transactions and source evidence; does not transmit to IRAS. The filing remains with the business or its tax agent. | The firm prepares and submits the F5 and, in many cases, the corporate tax filing on the SME's behalf. |
| Best fit | SME that wants a mature, ledger-first workflow with a deep ecosystem and is happy with the existing reporting shape. | SME that wants the agent to do the drafting from where the work already is, with a review queue and audit trail keeping the owner in charge. | SME that wants the books operated by a third party and the trail owned by the firm. |